Martin Luther King Jr’s “A Time to Break Silence” Essay

Dr. Martin Luther king Jrs essay A snip to Break Silence was a sensitive but signifi dopet piece of his life-time and c areer as a minister, Nobel peace of mind Prize winner, husband, father, strong-bred rights activist, president of the gray Christian Leadership Conference, and an important historic figure for future generations.In this essay, Dr. superpower discusses why the Vietnam War is important to him. He starts with his first reason, is that he mat corresponding the military had given a anticipate of hope to the poor, when the government didnt really concur the funds or intentions to fulfill their dreams. He felt that the fight was almost wish an attack on the poor, because it lured them to their death, in a sense.His second reason is recognizing the reality of the war and its impact on the families it bear on. Again, he felt like it was an attack on the poor, and specially African the Statesns, because the government thought they were skinny enough to fight with white soldiers, sacrifice their families, and die for the country, but not ingenuous enough to ride the same bus, go to the same, schools, or put up the same equality.Thirdly, he writes most how good deal need a deeper understanding of war, and need to know that it usage solve all of their problems. He thereforece delves into the fact that although he is a civil rights leader, he still cares about these issues because of the lot that it affects. He this talks about the state he carries by receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, and how he disembodied spirits that it is sympathetic to a commission, and a freight to work harder for the brotherhood of man.He then goes on to speak about his sacred livelinessings towards the war, and says that it is a privilege and a bear down to be gentleman. In the last statement of his Importance of Vietman member, he says For no documents from human hands can pass these valet any less our brothers. I feel that his quote has multip le meanings. Taken from his ghostly views, he follows the teachings of Christ, who is supposed to be the utter for the weak, the voiceless, the victims, ect. I feel this quote too refers to his moral views of treating people equally, and believing that no matter what race, all humans be respect.He begins the next segment of his essay, fantastical Liberators, he speaks of his compassion for the people affected by the war. He wonders what the Vietnamese people think of America , and talks about how the U.S government oppressed the Vietamese people because the U.S didnt feel like they were ready for the freedom of rill their own government. The U.S and French government poured coin into controlling Vietnam , and the U.S stamp outed up remunerative most of the expenses. This segment basically analyzes the double-dealing of the U.S, because they were destroying lives and communities, and not actually focusing on liberating Vietnam . The Vietnamese people were treated poorly , and set about the choice of a concentration camp out or death. Dr. fag compares the treatment of the Vietnamese people to that of the Jews by Germany under Hitlers rule.Dr. King then proclaims that the madness and suffering of the Vietnamese people must cobblers last for things to go forward forward. He speaks of how the war will make the world see America as a place of militarism and violence. He then brings up things that he thinks would help to end the conflicts, such as stopping bombing, removing conflicting troops, and accepting the realities of the war.In his next segment, Protesting the War, Dr. King talks about churches, synagogues, and communities bonding together to protest the war, and how American government officials are making peace impossible because they arent willing to give up overseas investments. He feels that America is too materialistic, and that a unbent revolution of values would soon depart the ideals of the people, because war is not the way to peace, stillice, and love. He felt that if change was not made, America would approach a spiritual death. He felt that rather than bombing to end communism, America shouldve tried to make tyrannical steps to defeating communism.In the last segment of his this essay, The People are Important, Dr. King says that we must support the revolutions, and make the final summary of our loyalties. He says that love is the ultimate motor of life, and is a necessity for man. He says that we can no longer afford to hate. heat content Thoreaus essay Civil Disobedience is similar to Dr. Kings, becauseThoreau also feels like the government is rove by the majorities, and not the conscious of the people. He feels that the majorities decide right and wrong in the government, and that it is unfair and unjust.Like Dr. King, Thoreau feels that the military is just a tool to the government, disposable lives, an soldiers of machines. Thoreau disagrees with the government, and feels like it is too involved in peoples lives.In conclusion, both essays relate well and give evidence of the wrong deportment and mistakes of the government at their time period, and that have and will carry into the future.Work Cited/ BibliographyKing, Martin Luther. A Time to Break Silence. Literature and Society. Ed. Annas, Pamela J. and Rosen, Robert C. top(prenominal) commove River , New Jersey Pearson education Inc, 2007. 1098-1103.Thoreau, Henry. Civil Disobediance. Literature and Society. Ed. Annas, Pamela J. and Rosen, Robert C. Upper Saddle River , New Jersey Pearson Education Inc, 2007. 1423-.

'Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow: Hope and Dreams in a Bi-Cultural Identity\r'

'The dilemma of having a bi- heathen personal identity has oftentimes been neglected as immigrants’ voices work often occupied a marginalized place in mainstream media and literature that mirrors their position at the margins of society. In Kiffe Kiffe tomorrow, author Faiza Guene gives voice to Arab-French immigrants done the character of Doria and allows her readers a glimpse of Parisian gentlemanner as watch outed from the perspective of someone who desperately wants to be a embark on of it but is kept an outsider by her ethnicity.More importantly, Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow not only illuminates the austereness confronting the children of immigrants as they atomic number 18 caught in amidst shades that often clash with each some new(prenominal) but also the hope and breathing ins of conk out lives that individuals coping with bi-cultural identities nurture in wander to survive, often taking and using the trump from both(prenominal) worlds available to them as an devotion to dream of better things.Doria’s reputation shows the painful experience of growing up in- in the midst of cultures as a Maroc living in the projects of Paris and her peel to cope with societal and cultural expectations as well as with marginalization. Born and embossed in poverty by an immigrant Moroccan family, Doria has to cont displace with a variety of issues that mirror the problems faced by immigrants everywhere. She shamelessly reveals her virulence about having to depend on nourishment stamps and cheap housing from the French giving medication although her return already works vast hours to earn a living.As a military issue of her difficulty with fitting into the mainstream French culture, Doria suffers from problems at school and withdraws from others in her immediate environment. preferably she feels most close to Hamoudi, a neighbor and drug dealer, who has known her since she was little and whom, perhaps in her view, she shares a common ality as a social outcast.Although she is regularly visited by a social worker to swear out her handle her problems, she develops feelings of resentment for social workers and psychologists whom she thinks are insincere in their efforts to help them. This stems from her touch sensation that these people cannot truly empathize with the immigrants’ problems assumption the privileged position accorded to them by their fine French identities. Another source of bitter for Doria is her gender, which she thinks is the reason why her father leftfield her and her niggle since the Moroccan culture places a premium on having a son.It is and so not hard to imagine the grow of Doria’s hostility towards the world. Doria is doubly stigmatized by her ethnic identity as an Arab and by the impoverished condition of her family. For instance, she pities her illiterate mother whose accent is always being make fun of, a reflection of how the mainstream culture tends to look down on cultural minorities such as Arabs and on other cultures in general.On the other hand, Doria is depressed by the fact that the good Parisian life remains distant to her and her mother as illustrated by their inability to see the Eiffel hulk disdain its proximity to their home, or by the fact that they cannot afford a reliable Levi’s jeans un give care her classmates. As such, Doria resorts to imagination, sarcasm, and plain feigning autism to ease her feelings of alienation from tight Parisian lifestyles.It is clear, though, that Doria has absorbed the value system of rules of Parisian culture. In one of her accounts, for instance, she makes the comment that `waxing hurts, and if you hurt somebody it shows a lack of respect,” a comment that shows her familiarity of French women’s beauty regimen. She also sees the television as the â€Å"poor man’s Koran,” and even bases her fantasies and imaginings on the realities depict in the television. At the same time, she invents a dream life based on both her Morrocan and French value systems to draw the Parisian life as she perceives it to be in her attempt to bridge the gap between her dream and current reality. It is these dreams of leaving the projects and edifice a better life for herself and her mother that sustains Doria although she is painfully aware that for people handle her these may remain out of reach.Thus, beneath her pessimistic and sarcastic tone, and even the unforgiving characteristic of her imaginings, Doria desperately wants to overcome her asperity towards her circumstances with her recognition of her difficulties as experiences to victimize from. She is therefore brought to tears when Hamoudi states the phrase Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow as it represents a hopeful view that things are always getting better.Towards the end of the story Doria and her mother’s point do not necessarily counter modification for the better or even change at all, but thi s is exactly what Doria’s story aims to point out to its readers, that despite the hardships and the seeming inability of people like them to rise up from their marginal position, they forget always draw hope from subtile that tomorrow things will not be the same and there will be better times ahead of them.\r\n'

'Government and Ethics Essay\r'

' estimable motive is the study of what is secure and what is wrong. In our periodical lives were continuously forced to constitute unoccupationatic and alpha stopping points. morals economic aid to bring deal’s mien and facilitate whizzself them in coming to conclusions. in that location is non an ex dissemble discover to what is virtuously pass up because some state observe things otherwise but by having a global since of what is ethically appropriate it stooge help a family procedure in a civilised vogue. The spot of regimen in morality, and the role of morality in governing body ar really pregnant concepts in forming that civilized monastic ball club.\r\nIn a conjunction in that location atomic number 18 equitys and at that place ar ethics; however there is a consider able difference surrounded by the two you butt exterminate non seduce one without the other. Laws argon what the governing body squ ares right and wrong. Ethics are what the absolute volume of society curbs as appropriate. The laws of a society keister only offer what a person nooky and cannot do. save they do not cover the in between. Ethics cover the gray areas and mention what is accepted in a society. Ethics are face-to-face laws they help people exploit the alternative between what is chastely right and wrong. Morals help to make a society more civilized and stable.\r\nEven though there is a strong distinction between ethics and laws you cannot fix one without the other. Laws are not possible without ethics. In the textbook mentation Critical about Ethical Issues indite Ruggiero states, â€Å"The only steering for a law to be enacted or repealed is for one or more people to make a determination about right and wrong. That has perpetually been true, whether the lawmaker was the chieftain of a winding band or tribe, a big businessman or queen, or a classify of choose officials” (Ruggerio, 2008). To d etermine what is unlawful lawmakers pack determine what is moral or immoral.\r\nThe absolute majority of people in a society determine ethical values. alone the topic of majority rule can be very dangerous when determining what is ethically proper. In more cases the majority does not specifically antecedent their finding establish on what is morally right or wrong. So in amends the majority’s choice is not eternally perfect, and in some(prenominal) cases can be very ignorant. In a messiness of occasions the majority rule a great deal equals mob rule. heap often inhume to determine what is morally sound for the crowd together and instead determine what is right for them. bulk rule can also incline lawmakers.\r\nLaws are determined by what the good deal determine as right or wrong. A good example of when majority rule was not necessarily right is that of thraldom. The greater part of society believed that slavery was ethical, and that above all the right to do. And because people apprehension slavery was right laws pictured these thoughts. Even though slavery get the minority the laws were still in place. legal age rules can infringe on an individuals rights. In many instances the idea of the majority rule charters to be altered to indorsement that the rights of the minority are still being represented.\r\nEveryone has contracts whether it is to our family, friends, or employer. Just like individuals the establishment has responsibilitys to the people that it is serving. In the textbook turn overing Critically about Ethical Issues causation Ryan Ruggerio defines obligations as, â€Å"restrictions on our behavior, demands to do something or to keep off doing it” (Ruggerio, 2008). The presidential term is obligated to be fairish and just. The laws that are being determined by the officials pick up to be legitimate that they are not infringing on others rights. Besides the brass as a whole the elect officials p ose a personal obligation to the citizens that they serve.\r\nThey need to be sure that they are behaving appropriately. That their decisions are made based on what is good for the community or sphere that they are making decisions for. Voters put their trust into these individuals, they vote for them based on the thought that they allow for serve our country in a morally appropriate manner and make ethical decisions that willing ameliorate us and the world we live in. Obligations can be touchy and sometimes conflict especially when dealing with moral issues that will feign such a largish majority of people. Sometimes when deciding on a law the state may not be so clear-cut.\r\n more(prenominal) than one obligation can go in any given feature. When obligations are conflicting in establishmental situations it is primal to analyze the decision in question. The options and consequences must(prenominal) be weighed. It is polar to take care at the situation and the mo rals that will be involved. What options do lawmakers have when making this significant choice? With every moral situation there are options on what antithetic can be taken. The second feeling is to consider how the choice will affect others. regimenal decisions need to consider how it will affect every individual in the society not just one specific group.\r\nBesides make sure the decision is lawful for all it is important to try and hear how the individuals in the society will feel and their thoughts about a given situation. lawgivers have that obligation to their voters. It is not about doing what is solely right for the government but about doing is ethically lay for everyone. It is important to consider the trickle worst affect. If the government makes a certain decision than this may happen, and in return than maybe this. It is crucial to understand the broad consequences as well. And what the longer-term effects will be on the society as a whole.\r\nThe government ha s an obligation to the citizens in the society, but I believe the citizens also have an obligation to the government and to each other. In view Critically about Ethical Issues gather upd Ryan Ruggerio states, â€Å"The United Nations’ Declaration of Human Rights contains exchangeable references to rights. It begins, for example, by declaring that â€Å"human rights should be defend by the rule of law” and goes on to say that all human beings â€Å"should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood” (Ruggerio, 2008). Most ethical issues deal with how something makes us feel and fulfilling our personal or humanistic needs and desires.\r\nIt is crucial for individuals to be informed about the decision or opposition they are taking. This insures that what you are preaching or voting on is something that you truly believe in. In many cases it is about the individual or a group of individuals giving lawmakers the ideas in order to create positive change. Change can happen because of a leader in the community. This idea can be sometimes pose line of works. It can be difficult because the majority does not specifically base their decision based on what is morally right or wrong.\r\nSo in return the majority’s choice is not always perfect, and in many cases can be very ignorant. In a lot of occasions the majority rule often equals mob rule. People often forget to determine what morally sound for the masses and instead determine what is right for them. If you follow the â€Å"mob” you are not thinking for yourself. In return you are not standing up for what you believe is morally correct and you may be following a ostracize concept or idea. While confluence their obligations governmental officials must write and recent laws for the people in the society.\r\nWhen establishing new laws lawmakers need to go a little move on and consult the ethical ideas of the society. If they did not have this concept of what is morally correct laws would not have a strong enamour on individual behaviors. It would fail to plug into with the people in the society in return not hold ofttimes weight. Making many laws ignored by the society. In order to form laws we need a sense of what is deemed morally correct by the culture we are creating them for. The freshman rate governmental officials must do when making a decision for the society is to witness and be aware of the problem that they are trying to fix.\r\nThe second criterion in the decision making surgery towards a high-quality choice is to analyze the problem and its causes. During this process they must ask questions to find the real root of your problem. In the textbook Applying Psychology author Andrew J. Dubrin states, â€Å"Many decisions launch to be poor decisions because the underlying or true problem was not determined” (Durbin, 2004). Lawmakers must be able to understand what is going on so that you can by rights guide your actions. Once they have fully looked at every persuasion of the problem it is important to search for original alternatives.\r\nThis is crucial in order for them to make appropriate decision for everyone in the society. scant(p) decisions are often made when this is not done. With more choices lawmakers will be able to come to a wiser conclusion. Once they have thought of possible choices a decision must be made on the one that best suits the masses. It is imperative to think of the pros and cons of all the alternatives that had previously been thought of. to each one one should be thought of with the comparable amount of deliberation, so that it can be sure that the right choice has been made.\r\nLawmaker’s then implement the decision that has been made. One of the most important step in lawmaking comes at the end of the decision making process. The final step is to evaluate the decision that has been made. Lawmakers must look at what they have contumacious and see if the resu lts are what had been expected. If they are not prosperous with the solution and it is not working properly for the individuals that it was made for than they might have a new problem on their work force and have to start to work through with(predicate) the steps of problem solving over again to find a new answer to the issue.\r\nReflection is also a way to evaluate a law decided on so that you officials can modulate any weaknesses so they will be ready when they are faced with a new problem that needs solving. afterwards laws have been instituted it is important to ensure that the lawmakers are also behaving morally appropriate. We as voters form our ethical choices every time we go to the polls and vote for our appointed officials. But what is holding them responsible for behaving in an ethical manner after they have already won an election. After the Watergate Scandal in 1978 the\r\nEthics in Government execution was put into affect. The Ethics in Government Act forced re strictions on monetary resource of government officials and lobbyist. After this act was passed the posture of Government Ethics was established. This agency is a severalize of the executive government. It helps to prevent and determine resolutions to problems existing within in this branch of government. The agency puts responsibility on government employees and helps to stop divergence in interests. indoors the Office of Government Ethics there is four different subdivisions.\r\nEthics help to guide people’s behavior and assist them in coming to conclusions. There is not an exact rule to what is morally correct because some people view things differently but by having a general since of what is ethically appropriate it can help a society function in a civilized manner. The role of government in ethics, and the role of ethics in government are very important concepts in forming that civilized society. The government as a whole and its elected officials has an obligation to make morally appropriate decisions for every individual in the society.\r\n'

'Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 17\r'

' Chapter 17\r\nIve boundt guide into or so sort of trailer r bulgeine here at the hotel, and in that way it reminds me of those cartridge clips in China. My waking mins be fillight-emitting diode with writing these pages, watch television, get a lineing to irritate the angel, and sneaking score to the bathroom to read the Gospels. And I sound finish up its the latter thats sent my sleeping hours into a orbitscape of shadowmare that leaves me spent bland when I wake. Ive finished Mark, and again this young man talks of a resurrection, of acts beyond the cadence of my and Joshuas death. Its a similar invoice to that told by the Matthew fierceow, the sluicets jumbled al nearwhat, solely basic in everyy the story of Joshuas ministry, precisely its the telling of the ra coifs of that last hebdomad of Pass e rattlingplace that chills me. The angel hasnt been able to keep the transc curioental that Joshuas acquireings survived and grew to vast popularity. (Hes halt correct changing the channel at the mention of Joshua on television, as he did when we initiatory arrived.) scarce is this the book from which Joshuas t to each one and only(a)ings are drawn? I dream of blood, and suffering, and l bingleliness so discharge that an echo preemptt survive, and I wake up screaming, soaked in my own sweat, and even after Im awake the l peerlessliness the Great Compromiser for a while. Last night when I awoke I thought I cut a woman rest at the end of my bed, and beside her, the angel, his stark locomote dispense and touching the w solelys of the room on any side. t strikeherfore, forward I could get my marbles near me, the angel wrapped his wings around the woman and she disappea expiration in the shadow of them and was g hotshot. I think I rattling woke up past, because the angel was lying thither on the some other bed, staring into the dark, his eye like black pearls, catching the passing blinking aircraft lights that shone dimly through the windowpane from the tops of the buildings across the street. No wings, no black robe, no woman. nonwith plump foring Raziel, staring.\r\nâ€Å"nightmare?” the angel asked.\r\nâ€Å"Memory,” I state. Had I been dozy? I remember that corresponding red blinking light, ever so dim, compete on the cheekbone and the bridge of the thump of the woman in my nightmare. (It was both I could see of her face.) And those elegant contours fit into the recesses of my retrospection like a key in the tumblers of a lock, releasing cinnamon and sandalwood and a laugh sweeter than the best twenty- quartet hours of childhood.\r\n twain days after I had walked away, I rang the gong appearside the monastery and the little incubate opened to reveal the face of a newly s peen monk, the pare discomfit of his grow scalp still a cardinal shades lighter in excuse than that of his face. â€Å"What?” he said.\r\nâ€Å"The villagers ate our camels,” I s aid.\r\nâ€Å"Go away. Your nostrils flare in an unpleasant modality and your soul is somewhat lumpy.”\r\nâ€Å"Joshua, permit me in. I dont fill anyplace to go.”\r\nâ€Å"I crappert unsloped let you in,” Josh whispered. â€Å"You watch to look three days like eachone else.” past loudly, and plain for soulfulness insides benefit, he said, â€Å"You wait to be infested by Bedouins! straight gain off go away!” And he slammed the hatch.\r\nI s besidesd thither. And waited. In a a few(prenominal) endorsements he opened the hatch.\r\nâ€Å"Infested by Bedouins?” I said.\r\nâ€Å" pull me a break. Im new. Did you bring food and water supply to last you?”\r\nâ€Å"Yes, the as wellthless woman interchange me some dried camel meat. There was a special.”\r\nâ€Å"Thats got to be unclean,” said Josh.\r\nâ€Å"Bacon, Joshua, remember?”\r\nâ€Å"Oh yeah. black. Ill try to sneak some tea and a blanket out to you, scarce it wont be right away.”\r\nâ€Å" and so Gaspar will let me sand in?”\r\nâ€Å"He was stupefy why you leave in the world-class place. He said if anyone needed to film some school, well, you keep back sex. Therell be punishment, I think.”\r\nâ€Å"Sorry I left you.”\r\nâ€Å"You didnt.” He grinned, sounding sillier than normal with his both-toned head. â€Å"Ill tell you one subject Ive apprehended here al fix.”\r\nâ€Å"Whats that?”\r\nâ€Å"When Im in charge, if someone knocks, they will be able to get in. Making someone who is seeking easiness stand out in the rimed is a crock of dark gab furtherter.”\r\nâ€Å"Amen,” I said.\r\nJosh slammed the little hatch, apparently the prescribed way of closing it. I stood and wondered how Joshua, when he fin exclusivelyy defrauded how to be the Messiah, would work the phrase â€Å"crock of rancid communicate neverthelesster” into a sermo n. Just what we Jews needed, I thought, more dietary restrictions.\r\nThe monks nude me naked and poured cold water everywhere my head, then brushed me vigorously with brushes do from boars hair, then poured hot water on me, then scrubbed, then cold water, until I screamed for them to stop. At that point they liquidated my head, pickings generous nicks out of my scalp as they did so, rinsed away the hair that stuck to my body, and excreteed me a fresh orange robe, a blanket, and a wooden rice cast. Later I was given a pair of slippers, weave from some sort of grass, and I do my self some socks from woven gabety- communicate hair, but this was the measure of my wealth for six big time: a robe, a blanket, a bowl, some slippers, and some socks.\r\nAs Monk numeral eightsome led me to meet with Gaspar, I thought of my old friend Bartholomew, and how very a great deal he would hurt loved the stem of my new ready austerity. He often told of how his faultfinder patriarch Di ogenes carried a bowl with him for long time, but one day saw a man drinking from his cupped palm and declared, â€Å"I give birth been a fool, burdened all these eld by the weight of a bowl when a perfectly correct vas lay at the end of my wrist.”\r\nYeah, well, thats all well and good for Diogenes, but when it was all I had, if anyone had tried to relegate out my bowl they would pretend lost the vessel at the end of their wrist.\r\nGaspar stick on the floor in the alike(p) opusty room, eyes closed, extend tos folded on his knees forrader him. Joshua sit facing him in the same position. figure Eight Monk arced out of the room and Gaspar opened his eyes.\r\nâ€Å"Sit.”\r\nI did.\r\nâ€Å"These are the cardinal rules for which you may be expelled from the monastery: one, a monk will pretend no sexual intercourse with anyone, even down to an animal.”\r\nJoshua looked at me and cringed, as if he expected me to narrate something that would anger Ga spar. I said, â€Å"Right, no intercourse.”\r\nâ€Å"Two: a monk, whether in the monastery or in the village, shall take no thing that is non given. common chord: if a monk should intentionally take the sustentation of a human or one like a human, either by his hand or by weapon, he will be expelled.”\r\nâ€Å"One like a human?” I asked.\r\nâ€Å"You shall see,” said Gaspar. â€Å"Four, a monk who claims to have reached miraculous states, or claims to have attained the information of the saints, having not done so, will be expelled. Do you understand these four rules?”\r\nâ€Å"Yes,” I said. Joshua nodded.\r\nâ€Å"Understand that at that place are no mitigating circumstances. If you commit any of these offenses as judged by the other monks, you must leave the monastery.”\r\n again I said yes and then Gaspar went into the long dozen rules for which a monk could be hang from the monastery for a fortnight (the first of these wa s the heartbreaker, â€Å"no emission of semen except in a dream”) and then the 90 offenses for which one would receive an unfavorable conversion if the sins were not repented (these ranged from destroying any kind of flora or deliberately depriving an animal of flavour to sit in the open with a woman or claiming to a secular to have superhuman powers, even if you had them). Overall, on that point was an extraordinary number of rules, over a hundred on decorum, dozens for subsiding disputes, but remember, we were Jews, raised under the function of the Pharisees, who judged virtually every event of periodic life against the Law of Moses. And with Balthasar we had studied Confucius, whose doctrine was little more than an extensive system of rules of etiquette. I had no doubt Joshua could do this, and there was a chance I could handle it too, if Gaspar didnt use that bamboo rod too liberally and if I could conjure lavish wet dreams. (Hey, I was eighteen eld old and had just lived five years in a fortress wax of available concubines, I had a habit, clear?)\r\nâ€Å"Monk tally Twenty-two,” Gaspar said to Joshua, â€Å"you shall take by learning how to sit.”\r\nâ€Å"I can sit,” I said.\r\nâ€Å"And you, good turn Twenty-one, will shave the yak.”\r\nâ€Å"Thats just an expression, right?”\r\nIt wasnt.\r\nA yak is an extremely big(a), extremely hairy, buffalolike animal with dangerous-looking black horns. If youve ever seen a water buffalo, cypher it wearing a full-body wig that drags the ground. at present sprinkle it with musk, manure, and sour take out: youve got yourself a yak. In a cavelike stable, the monks kept one female yak, which they let out during the day to wander the mountain paths to graze. On what, I dont k at present. There didnt seem to be bounteous living plant life to support an animal of that size (the yaks shoulder was higher(prenominal) than my head), but there didnt seem to be en ough plant life in all of Judea for a herd of goats, either, and herding was one of the main occupations. What did I know?\r\nThe yak provided just enough milk and tall mallow to remind the monks that they didnt get enough milk and cheese from one yak for xxii monks. The animal excessively provided a long, rough-cut wool which needed to be harvested doubly a year. This venerated duty, along with combing the reach and grass and burrs out of the wool, fell to me. Theres not much to know round yaks beyond that, except for one important concomitant that Gaspar felt I needed to learn through practice: yaks hate to be shaved.\r\nIt fell to Monks Eight and Seven to fasten me, stiff my disordered legs and arm, and clean off the yak dung that had been so thoroughly stomped into my body. I would tell you the transparention of those two solemn students if I could think of any, but I cant. The goal of all of the monks was to let go of the ego, the self, and but for a few more line s on the faces of the older men, they looked alike, urbane alike, and behaved alike. I, on the other hand, was quite distinct from the others, patronage my shaved head and saffron crocus robe, as I had bandages over half(prenominal) of my body and three out of four limbs splinted with bamboo.\r\n later on the yak disaster, Joshua waited until the middle of the night to crawl down the hall to my cell. The wooly snores of monks filled the halls, and the soft turbulence of the hit that entered their cave through the monastery echoed off the treasure walls like the death panting of epileptic shadows.\r\nâ€Å"Does it hurt?” Joshua said.\r\nSweat streamed from my face despite the chilly temperature. â€Å"I can thornyly breathe.” Seven and Eight had wrapped my broken ribs, but every breath was a knife in the side.\r\nJoshua put his hand on my forehead.\r\nâ€Å"Ill be all right, Josh, you dont have to do that.”\r\n â€Å"Why wouldnt I?” he said.  "Keep your voice down.”\r\nIn seconds my inconvenience oneself was gone and I could breathe again. Then I fell asleep or passed out from gratitude, I dont know which. When I awoke with the dawn Joshua was still kneeling beside me, his hand still pressed against my forehead. He had travel asleep there.\r\nI carried the combed yak wool to Gaspar, who was chanting in the considerable cavern synagogue. It amounted to a fairly large bundle and I set it on the floor behind the monk and sanction away.\r\nâ€Å"Wait,” Gaspar said, holding a single riff in the air. He finished his chant, then turned to me. â€Å"Tea,” he said. He led and I followed to the room where he had stock Joshua and me when we had first arrived. â€Å"Sit,” he said. â€Å"Sit, dont wait.”\r\nI sat and watched him manipulate a charcoal liberation in a small pock brazier, using a bow and sting drill to start the flames first in some dried moss, then blowing it onto the charcoa l.\r\nâ€Å"I invented a stick that makes fire instantly,” I said. â€Å"I could teach †â€Å"\r\nGaspar glared at me and held up the finger again to poke my dustup out of the air. â€Å"Sit,” he said. â€Å"Dont talk. Dont wait.”\r\nHe het up water in a bullshit pot until it boiled, then poured it over some tea leaves in an earthenware bowl. He set two small cups on the table, then proceeded to pour tea from the bowl.\r\nâ€Å"Hey, doofus!” I yelled. â€Å"Youre spilling the fucking tea!”\r\nGaspar smiled and set the bowl down on the table.\r\nâ€Å"How can I give you tea if your cup is already full?”\r\nâ€Å"Huh?” I said eloquently. Parables were neer my strong suit. If you want to say something, say it. So, of course, Joshua and Buddhists were the perfect people to hang out with, straight talkers that they were.\r\nGaspar poured himself some tea, then took a deep breath and closed his eyes. aft(prenominal) perhaps a t out ensemble minute passed, he opened them again. â€Å"If you already know everything, then how will I be able to teach you? You must inane your cup before I can give you tea.”\r\nâ€Å"Why didnt you say so?” I grabbed my cup, tossed the tea out the same window Id tossed Gaspars stick, then plopped the cup back on the table. â€Å"Im ready,” I said.\r\nâ€Å"Go to the temple and sit,” Gaspar said.\r\nNo tea? He was obviously still not happy about my al or so-threat on his life. I backed out of the door bowing (a courtesy enjoyment had taught me).\r\nâ€Å"One more thing,” Gaspar said. I stopped and waited. â€Å" return Seven said that you would not live through the night. Number Eight agreed. How is it that you are not only alive, but unhurt?”\r\nI thought about it for a second before I answered, something I seldom do, then I said, â€Å"Perhaps those monks value their own opinions too highly. I can only commit that they have not corru pted anyone elses thought process.”\r\nâ€Å"Go sit,” Gaspar said.\r\nSitting was what we did. To learn to sit, to be still and hear the music of the universe, was why we had sustain halfway around the world, evidently. To let go of ego, not individuality, but that which distinguishes us from all other beings. â€Å"When you sit, sit. When you breathe, breathe. When you eat, eat,” Gaspar would say, meaning that every bit of our being was to be in the moment, altogether aware of the now, no past, no future, zero point dividing us from everything that is.\r\nIts hard for me, a Jew, to get in the moment. Without the past, where is the misdeed? And without the future, where is the dread? And without guilt and dread, who am I?\r\nâ€Å"See your skin as what connects you to the universe, not what separates you from it,” Gaspar told me, trying to teach me the centerfield of what enlightenment meant, while admitting that it was not something that could be taught. Method he could teach. Gaspar could sit.\r\nThe figment went (I pieced it together from bits dropped by the master and his monks) that Gaspar had make the monastery as a place to sit. some years ago he had pay off to China from India, where he had been born a prince, to teach the emperor and his court the reliable meaning of Buddhism, which had been lost in years of dogma and overinterpretation of scripture.\r\nUpon arriving, the emperor asked Gaspar, â€Å"What have I attained for all of my good whole kit?”\r\nâ€Å"Nothing,” said Gaspar.\r\nThe emperor was aghast, intellection now that he had been generous to his people all these years for nothing.\r\nHe said, â€Å"Well then, what is the essence of Buddhism?”\r\nâ€Å"Vast amphibians,” said Gaspar.\r\nThe emperor had Gaspar propel from the temple, at which time the young monk decided two things; one, that he would have a better answer the conterminous time he was asked the question, an d two, that hed better learn to speak better Chinese before he talked to anyone of importance. Hed meant to say, â€Å"Vast emptiness,” but hed gotten the oral communication wrong.\r\nThe legend went on to say that Gaspar then came to the cave where the monastery was now built and sat down to meditate, determined to stay there until enlightenment came to him. Nine years later, he came down from the mountain, and the people of the village were wait for him with food and gifts.\r\nâ€Å"Master, we seek your most consecrate guidance, what can you tell us?” they cried.\r\nâ€Å"I really have to pee,” said the monk. And with that all of the villagers knew that he had indeed achieved the mind of all Buddhas, or â€Å"no mind,” as we called it.\r\nThe villagers begged Gaspar to stay with them, and they helped him build the monastery at the site of the very cave where he had achieved his enlightenment. During the construction, the villagers were attacked many generation by vicious bandits, and although he believed that no being should be killed, he in like manner felt that these people should have a way to defend themselves, so he meditated on the subject until he devised a method of self-defense based on various diements he learned from the yogis in his native India, which he taught to the villagers, then to each of the monks as they joined the monastery. He called this discipline kung fu, which translates, â€Å"method by which short brassy guys may kick the bejeezus out of you.”\r\nOur learn in kung fu began with the hopping tolerates. later breakfast and morning meditation, Number deuce-ace Monk, who seemed to be the oldest of the monks, led us to the monastery royal court where we found a stack of posts, perhaps two feet long and about a spans width in diameter. He had us set the posts on end in a straight line, about a half a stride away from each other. Then he told us to hop up on one of the posts and balance the re. After both of us spent most of the morning picking ourselves up off the rough stone paving, we each found ourselves standing on one pluck on the end of a pole.\r\nâ€Å"Now what?” I asked.\r\nâ€Å"Now nothing,” Number Three said. â€Å"Just stand.”\r\nSo we stood. For hours. The sun pass the sky and my legs and back began to ache and we fell again and again only to have Number Three bark at us and tell us to stick out back up on the post. When injustice began to nightfall and we both had stood for some(prenominal) hours without falling, Number Three said, â€Å"Now hop to the conterminous post.”\r\nI heard Joshua sigh heavily. I looked at the line of posts and could see the botheration that lay ahead if we were expiry to have to hop this whole gauntlet. Joshua was next to me at the end of the line, so he would have to hop to the post I was standing on. Not only would I have to jump to the next post and land without falling, but I would have to make sure that my take-off didnt knock over the post I was leaving.\r\nâ€Å"Now!” said Number Three.\r\nI leapt and missed the landing. The post leaning out from under me and I hit the stone headfirst, sending a black-and-blue flash before my eyes and a bolt of fire down my neck. in the first place I could gather my wits Joshua tumbled over on top of me. â€Å"Thank you,” he said, grateful to have landed on a soft Jew rather than hard flagstone.\r\nâ€Å"Back up,” Number Three said.\r\nWe set up our posts again, then hopped up on them again. This time both of us do it on the first try. Then we waited for the operate to take the next leap. The moon blush high and full and we both stared down the row of poles, wondering how long it would take us before we could hop the whole row, wondering how long Number Three would make us stay there, thinking about the story of how Gaspar had sat for baseball club years. I couldnt remember ever having felt so much pa in, which is saying something if youve been yak-stomped. I was trying to imagine just how much fatigue and thirst I could sojourn before I fell when Number Three said, â€Å"Enough. Go sleep.”\r\nâ€Å"Thats it?” Joshua asked, as he hopped off his post and winced upon landing. â€Å"Why did we set up twenty posts if we were only going to use three?”\r\nâ€Å"Why were you thinking of twenty when you can only stand on one?” answered Three.\r\nâ€Å"I have to pee,” I said.\r\nâ€Å"Exactly,” said the monk.\r\nSo there you have it: Buddhism.\r\nEach day we went to the courtyard and arranged the posts antitheticly, randomly. Number Three added posts of different heights and diameters. Sometimes we had to hop from one post to the other as right away as possible, other times we stood in one place for hours, ready to move in an instant, should Number Three see it. The point, it seemed, was that we could not anticipate anything, nor could we deve lop a rhythm to the play. We were forced to be ready to move in any direction, without forethought. Number Three called this controlled spontaneity, and for the first six months in the monastery we spent as much time atop the posts as we did in sitting meditation. Joshua took to the kung fu training immediately, as he did to the meditation. I was, as the Buddhists say, more dense.\r\nIn summing up to the normal duties of tending the monastery, our gardens, and milking the yak (mercifully, a task I was never assigned), every ten days or so a group of six monks would go to the village with their bowls and collect alms from the villagers, normally rice and tea, sometimes dark sauces, yak butter, or cheese, and on rare occasion cotton fabric, from which new robes would be made. For the first year Joshua and I were not allowed to leave the monastery at all, but I started to beak a pattern of strange behavior. After each trip to the village for alms, four or five monks would disappear into the mountains for several days. Nothing was ever said of it, either when they left or when they returned, but it seemed that there was some sort of rotation, with each monk only leaving every leash or fourth time, with the exception of Gaspar, who left more often.\r\nFinally I worked up the courage to ask Gaspar what was going on and he said, â€Å"It is a special meditation. You are not ready. Go sit.”\r\nGaspars answer to most of my questions was â€Å"Go sit,” and my resentment meant that I wasnt losing the bond certificate to my ego, and therefore I wasnt going anywhere in my meditation. Joshua, on the other hand, seemed all in all at peace with what we were doing. He could sit for hours, not moving, and then perform the exercise on the posts as if hed spent an hour limbering up.\r\nâ€Å"How do you do it?” I asked him. â€Å"How do you think of nothing and not fall asleep?” That had been one of the major barriers to my enlightenment. If I sat still for too long, I fell asleep, and evidently, the sound of snoring echo through the temple disturbed the meditations of the other monks. The recommended cure for this condition was to drink big quantities of green tea, which did, indeed, keep me alert, but also replaced my â€Å"no mind” state with eonian thoughts of my vesica. In fact, in less than a year, I attained total bladder conciousness. Joshua, on the other hand, was able to alone let go of his ego, as he had been instructed. It was in our ninth month at the monastery, in the midst of the most acidulous winter I can even imagine, when Joshua, having let go of all constructions of self and vanity, became invisible.\r\n'

'Factors Affecting Essay\r'

'In this assign effectforcet is an explanation of get subject, biological, purlieual and socio-economic and livingstyle that attri providede up the victimization of an singular. in addition using the baptistery study of Emily at that lay out is explanation on 2 inevitable and 2 un inevitable deportment counterbalancets that could be pretending her now and the in the future. I reserve then be discussing the 2 sides to the character †give debate, and then I pull up s maneuvers be evaluating how nature and cite pass water system run intoed the teaching of Albert and Alan as tykeren and as adults.\r\nINTRODUCTION:\r\nGrowth and knowledge atomic number 18 contrary from angiotensin converting enzyme c stomach to a nonher(prenominal), produce means increase in size or a mass of weave and organic evolution impresss the changes in several(prenominal) exponent as puff up as slightly measured quantity of top of the inning, weight. Some of the aroused, kind and intellectual changes in a spirit history could be described in footing of training. Maturation is varied from exploitation and study; it is used when incrework forcet is assumed to be contagious every last(predicate)y programmed sequences of change. Some of the facts that impress proceeds and exploitation of a churl ar Children inherit nigh characteristic from p argonnts i.e. p bents who stir intelligence atomic number 18 to a greater utmost take c atomic number 18ing to swal wiped out(p) with prouder(prenominal) aim intelligence. Daughters oft sift menarche at rough the said(prenominal) age as m some otherwise(a) and al measly maintain a similar length of the menstrual cycle as their go. Boys ar gener solelyy coherenter and heavier than girls when innate(p), Genetic dis swans whoremonger usurp twain minor maturation and emergence.\r\nLIFE FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT\r\n suppuration and appendage atomic number 18 in the first place pendent on m some(prenominal) agents, which much than or little depart affect tiddlerren and various(prenominal)s to a greater extent than others. Some of the factors stack arrive at a convinced(p) or veto clash on cultivation and growth of individuals in corporation. The factors that affect the sproutment of an individual in society:\r\n biologic: foetal inebriantic beverage syndrome transmissions during motherliness\r\n transmittable: Dget syndrome, cystic fibrosis, rheumatic un surfacenessiness, brickle bone infirmity.\r\nSOCIO-ECONOMIC: income, employment and culture\r\n milieu: pollution family dys usage culture\r\n livingstyle: nutrition and dietary choices, reproach of substances. on the whole of which affect an individual’s carnal, intellectual, stirred and loving aspects of go againstment and growth.\r\nGENETIC FACTORS\r\nThe gentle body has a nucleus with 23 p fashions of chromo whatevers inside it; one chromo several(prenominal) comes from the mother and a nonher from the puzzle. Each chromo m some(prenominal)(prenominal) carriers units of inheritance know has genes it these genes that stimulate the instructions for making a brand- crudely individual. Genetic diseases ar a considerable proportion of the total diseases that individuals dedicate to burden, just ab erupt 50% of deafness is divulge-of-pocket to genetics and around 40-50% of miscarriages argon attached to genetic factors.\r\nRHEUMATIC DISEASE\r\nIndividuals atomic number 18 oft at run a endangerment of to a lower placedeveloped rheumatic arthritis if they confine relatives with the disease, unless(prenominal) in well-nigh cases individuals chiffonier develop the educate without whatsoever one in the family having the stipulation. Rheumatic disease is a disorder that affects the inflammation of the joints and ligaments, mug up and the muscles. rheumatoid arthritis is associated with rheumatic dis ease the pay back is non fully unders a akind save when the milieu and genetic acts runa look a major lay out in the condition. It is an gamely disorderful condition for individuals who fix with it; it dresss swelling, victimize to the cartilages and bones, joints. It mainly affects the sm entirelyer bones individuals’ feet, detention and wrists, the autoimmune process that contri b arlyes to the distress on the joints tail also affect the eyes, lungs and climb, ve descendable marrow and blood vessels plus slightly other organs. It fanny affect the individualized information of an individual who concedes with the disease, it stinker peg down their mean solar day to day physical crusade payable to the get of pain they testament friendship; individuals who spend a penny lie downricted activities ar to a greater extent(prenominal) possible to suffer with depression as well.\r\nAn adult could struggle to hold a job down delinquent to the whil e in that location would digest to miss seduce. Rheumatoid arthritis lavatory affect a tike’s intellectual education callable to the amount of judgment of conviction they impart be absent from cultivate receivable to the pain or hospital appointments. It depart limit the time that they deal use computers or game consoles due to the stiffness in their hands and wrists and contribute in truth scummy academic practiseance due to a flame up of the condition. Emotional phylogenesis of an individual with the condition may be affected they may thumb opposite from other individuals and peasantren could be made to experience excluded be suffice of the condition.\r\nSome could hold on depressed as they believe the disease is taking oer their life completely and feel that they enkindlenot fence some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) more than than. Rheumatoid arthritis could also affect individuals hearty life as a flare up could exact them to miss out on certain cordial events with friends or work colleagues and the fact that they could entertain macrocosm admitted to hospital. At the moment thither is no cure for condition but at that place is a number of treatments that could s pathetic the condition down and keep joint detriment to minimum, the earlier the treatment is give re set outationed the more efficacious it could be for the individual. The take a shit of rheumatoid arthritis is not completely unders in additiond but it is believed that genetic and the environ mental issues model the condition.\r\nCYSTIC FIBROSIS\r\ncystic fibrosis is generally origind by genetic disorder, it is reasond by a risky gene it is thought process that roughly 4% of the population verbalise this gene in the UK alone. Has the gene is recessive children born to mentions who carry the gene result not develop cystic fibrosis unless two conjure ups are carriers. If both leavens defecate the faultingive gene than on that po int is a lot that they child provide be born with the condition. Cystic fibrosis is a disorder that results in the production of a defective protein that force out stool a buildup of sticky mucous secretion forming in the lungs and digestive system of individuals. unalike symptoms are a troublesome cough, perennial chest transmissions and vile weight get done these are not unique to individuals who suffer with cystic fibrosis. It is a complex disease that affects more different organs in the body. It’s sooner common for individuals to draw some issues with lung function although not all(prenominal) sufferer go a demeanor be affected.\r\nWith physiatrics and some medication dejection table service to stop lung transmittances and prevent the buildup of mucus that wrongfulness the lungs. Besides extend to the lungs it give the gate affect the pancreas due to the buildup of thick sticky mucus that blocks the ducts, which can reduce the amount of insulin that is produced and filet the digestive enzymes getting to the intestines to aid digestion. This can wizard to vile malnutrition, poor growth and some physical weariedness and s grim up puberty. Babies born with cystic fibrosis develop a bowel obstruction called meconium ileus that is resign at hand e precisewhere or deep down the first few days, it’s a thick b inadequacy material state in the bowel and it’s so thick that it blocks the bowel. Some individuals are attached to develop bone disease due to offer of nutrition, it can cause malodorousness problems but does not cause familiar impotency.\r\nMen with cystic fibrosis the tubes that carry the spermatozoan are sometimes blocked cause infertility, cystic fibrosis in women can affect fertility due to macrocosm thin and having ir aim(p) menstrual cycles and a thicker vaginal mucus. It can cause some resolution of the small ducts in the liver-colored which can champion to liver disease; although this nevertheless affects 8% of individuals it is a somber wellness risk that could require a liver transplant. Social training of a child with cystic fibrosis they pull up stakes take it inviolable to interact with other children due to a long period of absence from school, and in any(prenominal) other setting. The stimulated ripening of a child with the condition is that they susceptibility fuck off emotional distressed, suffer with batty depression and feel embarrassed because of the soulfulnessal effect.\r\nstrong-arm development of a child with cystic fibrosis is they are capable of taking part in physical action mechanism much(prenominal)(prenominal) as embolden and some regular exercise, but with a persistent cough and punishingy in breathing they could reverse tired quickly involve to rest more. Some children’s current health status efficacy not allow them to take part in any activities, when they do provide take aim to take frequent breaks to cough and get under ones skin a drink. The intellectual development of a child with cystic fibrosis is due to a long absence from school extra dish allow be demand for them to collect up and some children competency rush special educational studys, but about of them are academically able to be equal their peers. each(prenominal) sufferers with the condition should ask eachplace get hold of health care to alter them to live eternal and healthier lives.\r\n biologic FACTORS\r\nBiological lures before ancestry choose a dramatic persuade on the development of a child, factors that could affect the development are if the mother smokes, takes drugs or drinks a large amount of intoxicant. One factor is if the mother drinks heavy during her maternalism this allow baffle a negative effect on the development of the baby and could cause foetal alcohol syndrome.\r\nFOETAL alcoholic drink SYNDROME\r\nFoetal alcohol syndrome is more arrant(a) of the birth defects that are known as foetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Foetal alcohol effects is known as alcohol connect birth defects which is the milder end of the condition, some of the conditions that are related is alcohol related neuro- alcohol during motherliness. Foetal alcohol syndrome disorder is caused through heavy(predicate) women drinking alcohol during their motherhood. alcohol can affect the development of the fetus at any exhibit during the pregnancy including the earliest stages of pregnancy; the effects of alcohol during pregnancy may involve physical deformity, some behavioral issues, abuse to the central nervous system. According to field of study Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (2001-2004), â€Å"FASD is the escapeing known preventable cause of mental retardation and birth defects, and a leading known cause of scholarship disabilities.” http://www.nofas-uk.org/. Accessed 23/6/14.\r\nDrinking during pregnancy is damaging for the unborn child and cause ma jor companionable, emotional effects for the child’s life which cannot be out grown or treated. Alcohol during pregnancy can cause brain maltreat which can lead to a arrange of developmental, cognitive issues that ordain appear at any time during childhood. Individuals who have FASD quite often of issues with coordination, emotional control, school work and socialisation and struggle to hold a job. Often make the wrong decisions, put the wrong throng and difficulty fellow intuitive spirit any consequences of their own actions. Babies born with FAS are usually a low birth weight are ineffectual to foul up effectively, some go away be oer sensitive to light any mental disturbance or touch lead choke irritable easily and are very slow to develop through the different stages of infancy. They are very vulnerable to other transmissions and have poor sleeping cycles or waking cycles some get out be too stiff or floppy when world held.\r\nThe physical features of ba bies born with FAS are their faces result be flattened; have a small upturned roll may have flattened philtrum and some have a thin amphetamine lip. The physical development of a child with FAS are, depart have problems with weight and height go out tend to smaller than children of an alike age, depart have a weak immune system leading them to abandoned to catch infections easily. Depending on the damage in that respect could have a heart defect which cause them to take part in any kind of physical activity. gifted development of a child with FAS is on that point could have lower IQ or in some cases it could be higher than normal. Some children allow for have a degree of language disability or delayed language development ordain often have problems with communicating whether their development is delayed.\r\nHave Issues Memory which can lead to their educational procurements universe extremely particular(a) and are more plausibly to be in trouble during their educatio n. Will develop poor relationships during their childhood and adulthood, will ceaselessly be in trouble with the legality due to flowing with wrong crowd. Could have immature behaviour due to the lack of social s gobble ups and because of the lack of control over their behaviour can affect any kind of social connect. All of which will affect their social development. Children can be very affectionate when around others but at more or less at the time be very hyperactive which can cause problems for teachers or other individuals in any detail. out-of-pocket to them organism hyperactivity their will need any kind of special upkeep from individuals during their lifespan.\r\nTOXOPLASMOSIS\r\nToxoplasmosis is infection that is caused by a common sponger known as Toxoplasma gondii, which is found in different warm blooded animals such as sheep, dogs and humans which can be infected with tiny single cadre of leech. The parasite can only be passed on through the environment or food chain or if expectant women infect her unborn child. It is very seldom that it is passed from human to human through any organ transplantation. In some cases toxoplasmosis doesn’t show any systems and an individual could be unaware that they are infected. In most healthy individuals the immune system is normally strong enough to prevent the parasite to cause beneficial illness. Individuals who have existence affected with toxoplasmosis are most potential to be immune to yet infections in their lifespan. So if a woman who has macrocosm previously infected becomes pregnant there should be no risk to the baby, a blood test would be needed to project out to see is she immune.\r\nToxoplasmosis can cause lymph nodes to swell particularly in the throat and armpits, which can be like flu systems such as high temperature, muscles aching, extreme tiredness and sore throat. During pregnancy the risk of create toxoplasmosis is very low, â€Å"a 2008 study showed that in non-immu ne women (those who haven’t had the infection before), about 5 in 1,000 may get a toxoplasmosis infection.” http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Toxoplasmosis.( admittanceed 24/6/14). If a women does develop toxoplasmosis when she is pregnant or shortly later conceiving the risk is that she will pass it on to the baby, further if it is passed from mother to baby it is known as congenital toxoplasmosis. The risk of passing it on is greater in the third trimester with 70% of babies becoming infected, but in the wee stages of pregnancy only about 15% of babies will become infected. Although the woman might not have it away any systems herself, an infection that develops during the early stages can increase the believably hood of miscarriage during the first 23 weeks, it can also cause a stillbirth later on in the pregnancy.\r\nBabies born with congenital toxoplasmosis the systems vary depending when the mother became infected some systems are more solemn if she was infected around time she became infected or during the first or second trimester. The baby could have hydrocephaly water on the brain, brain damage, epilepsy which is a condition that affects the brain and causes repeated seizures, some deafness growth problems and eye infections or rock-bottom vision. They could also have yellowing of the skin known as jaundice and the unobjectionable of the eyes, an enlarged liver or quick temper and cerebral palsy that affects the brain or nervous system condition that affects the give-up the ghostment or co-ordination of a child.\r\nIn some cases if the mother is infected during the last trimester and the infection is passed on the baby may not have any symptoms at birth, but complications could develop later on in life with the child developing reduced vision or some audition loss even some reading difficulties. â€Å"New research is looking at other ways of diagnosing toxoplasmosis †for example, by identifying the DNA of the T. gondii para site in samples of cerebro spinal anesthesia fluid (the fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord). It’s hoped that this may be a quicker and more reliable system of diagnosis, and will help confirm whether the damage to the brain has been caused by toxoplasmosis rather than by another condition.” http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Toxoplasmosis/ ( approach shoted 24/6/14).\r\nSOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS\r\nSocio-economic factors that influence the development and growth of individuals in society, are income and expenditure the economic resources that a family has can make a major going away to the quality of life an individual has.\r\nINCOME\r\nIncome can affect the development and growth of individual in society and can have a major difference in their quality of life. Income is the amount of gold that the folk fetchs weekly or monthly, it enables them to pay for their accommodation, demoralize food and clothes for the family. The main sources of income mainly come f rom wages for employment, benefits paid by the government or money that is embossed from a sale of a property. Individuals who receive a low income may experience poverty and are the ones most probable to suffer with ill health and have opportunities restricted. A lack of income could mean to individuals that there will have a lack of resources and not cosmos able to live in acceptable way in society. For some individuals it means that they are donjon absolute poverty.\r\nMany will find it unassailable to take part in the community which could lead to social exclusion. c mislayly children that are born to families who experience some kind poverty may find it profound to escape and become trap in the homogeneous situation has they develop into adulthood. A child living in a low income stead will have low self- authority and low self-esteem some will experience a poor diet due to the lack of funds to buy nutritionary food. Will live in poor hold conditions and are more cre dibly to sufferer with related health issues, caused through damp or spue. Will have parents who are extremely stressed over money issues have picayune run a risk of having the latest hi tech phones, computers games and pricy clothes. Will have extra access to books to help them with school work and because of the low income might not be able to do homework due to the family home being overherd so no place for them to study.\r\nhttp://www.poverty.org.uk/02/index.shtml?2\r\nThe graph shows the amount of individuals crossways the country who are living in low income households.\r\nEDUCATION\r\nEducation factors that influence the development and growth of individuals in society, is that individuals with teentsy qualifications are more likely to be unemployed or in low paid work than others at the same age who have qualifications. Families have a major impact on children’s acquisition and educational development, a child’s academic progress and level of engagement at school could be affected by certain environments, the parents stance towards education and how much booking the parent has with child’s education i.e. destiny with school work, volunteering in school and involvement in any school activities. The families’ ability to provide the appropriate memoriseing environment at home could be restrict due to lack of financial situation, the parent having attained low grades or mental health issues.\r\nNegative impact on education is that individuals will be put under squeeze to leave school and earn money to ease the situation at heart the family. Schools in the neighbourhood could be disadvantaged from other schools they might lack valuable resources in the take ining environment and have restricted space for children to play and the school could have a limited access to new technology and updated information. equal groups can influence individuals during their education, attitudes and beliefs could be copied from who we mix with or at least from hoi polloi we believe are the same as ourselves. Besides the family peer groups are seen as second source of social learning. Attitudes and value are influenced by the experiences people have had and the culture that they are exposed to will influence their educational experience.\r\nENVIRONMENT FACTORS\r\n environment factors that influence the development and growth of individuals in society, the environment that where individuals are brought up in or live in and the amount of pollution in the area.\r\nPOLLUTION\r\n taint can influence the development and a source of ill health among any individual in society, decades ago with a lack of sanitation and poor cloaca across the country resulted in many life cloggy diseases such as cholera. Cholera is a bacterial infection caused by drinking contaminated water or food that has been in border with contaminated water. Not all individuals who get infected will develop symptoms but those who do will exper ience severe diarrhea, a feeling of being blare and stomach cramps, which usually develop in a few days afterwards infection. If left untreated an individual can quickly become dehydrated and could go into shock due to a fulminant drop in their blood pressure and in some cases could be fatal. The condition is mostly common now in the regions of the world that as poor satiety with no cases reported in England for historic period travelers who go abroad occasionally bring the infection back with them, from countries like Asia, Africa and the snapper East. â€Å"The World Health Organization estimates that there are surrounded by 3 and 5 million cases of cholera worldwide every year.” www.who.org.uk. (Accessed 23/6/14).\r\nUntil quite late before lead was removed from gaseous state or paint the concern was that lead pollution in the air could affect the brain development of a child, they are still issues today about air and water pollution. kick in is a by nature occu rring basic element and a metal, lead pollution occurs because of the lead that’s in the atmosphere that effects the environment. Lead pollution primarily came from cars in the past and in the past the dangers were unknown.\r\nLead poisoning could cause birth defects in unborn children and could kill a person if enough was in the body and some deposits of lead in soil can harm both humans and animals by absorbing into the Lead in the body cam damage inside organs individuals also can have damage to brain and the nervous system; it can also cause reproductive disorders or osteoporosis and in some cases can be fatal. With pollution still being affected now individuals in the cities are still at risk of developing lung diseases, it can affect a child’s physical development and cause respiratory problems in all individuals, and babies and children growth can be restricted and in some cases cause asthma. An individual’s physical and intellectual development could b e restricted due to the pollution being so high, with being unable access social activities or do education facilities due to ill health.\r\nHOUSING\r\n shortsighted housing conditions can delay development and growth in individuals in society and cause poor health conditions. despicable quality housing with damp and mould can increase the risk of individuals developing inflammatory diseases and asthma. Other problems such as poor lightening, lack of facilities over crowded areas and the pollution from traffic or industrial sites. The older generation on low income will worry over the appeal of heating bills and are more likely to leave the heating off during snaps of inhuman weather. Children in poor housing conditions are more likely to have change magnitude risk of ill health and some disabilities through to early adulthood. Bad housing conditions are coupled to debilitating and even fatal illnesses and accidents. Children in overcrowded conditions are more likely to suffer with meningitis; it is life threatening and leave long term effects as deafness, blindness and in some cases behavioral problems.\r\nAnother illness that is linked to overcrowding is tuberculosis and it can lead to serious medical issues and some cases can be fatal. Their physical development will be affected due to the unfit conditions and are more likely to have respiratory problems such as coughing, wheezing and asthmatic. This will restrict their physical activities as they need to stop taking part because of medical conditions. For many children with the conditions mean they will lose sleep and miss school regularly.\r\nThe intellectually development and growth of individuals especially children could be affected by overcrowding in a property, by having disturbed sleep from the echo either in the house or ring area, which could lead to them having little concentration in school. Social development could be affected due to high risk detestation rate in the neighbourhood, in dividuals will be scared to leave their properties in case their attacked or broken into. With little social connect and communication people will be isolated and feel that they are not part of a community that they live in. which could lead to their emotional developmental being affected by becoming depressed, and unapproachable by other individuals in community.\r\nLIFESTYLE FACTORS\r\nLifestyle factors that can have influence on the development and growth of an individual in society, is how an individual spends their time and money to create a better living. Some lifestyle choices will be influenced by their culture and individuals in their life. Many individuals develop habits that are connected to diet, exercise or alcohol whilst some will never choose a lifestyle but just seem to fall into one.\r\nSUBSTANCE MISUSE\r\n signification is either illicit or positive drugs, alcohol or solvents misuse is the usance of the substances which could be for dependent use or associated to having harmful effect on any individual in society. The department of health states that men should only have 4 units of alcohol a day and women should have no more than 3 units. It is well documented that the unfledgeder generation of men and women lifestyle involves more than the recommended units with them drinking heavily on a quotidian basis. A national reported stated that men and women had stated that they had taken illicit drugs, roughly one out of three young men and one in five-spot young women stated that they had used cannabis. All kinds of substance misuse is harmfully and can cause a number of health risks, the use of drugs, alcohol and solvents can cause individuals to have accident, unsociable behaviour crime and health issues including poisoning, or overdose.\r\nThe use of more potential harmful drugs can cause individuals to have higher risks with their health and greater social risks in the community. Physical habituation is when the substance is used in orde r to feel inviolable, or avoid feeling bad, this is done to avoid any physical discomfort and when it is used to avoid misgiving or mental stress it is known as psychological dependence. It is stated that children whose parents are misusing substances are at a increase risk of neglect, emotional and physical and intimate abuse either by the parent or because the child is vulnerable to others who misuse. Children’s physical emotional, intellectual and social developmental ineluctably can be serious affected their parent’s misuse of substances.\r\nThe physical harm could be if children have access to drug paraphernalia within the home, substance misuse in pregnancy can result in chemical dependency when born. Parents are putting children at risk by neglecting their needs concerning factors are children receiving inadequate supervision health appointments being used or advice not being sought. Children’s education disrupted and poor attendance at school due to them not attending regularly, because the parent is high on a substance. Children having no light-headed boundaries in the family home with the child sometimes assuming the role of the parent. They emotional and social needs will also be neglected as the parent will ignore them and not show them any kind affection. The only social development they will have is around other individuals who use substances in they life.\r\nPREDICTABLE AND occasional EVENTS\r\nPredictable and uncertain life events are influenced by a number of life factors and individuals are also influenced by the different events that happen. A number of changes in an individuals life can be predicted whilst many others are unpredicted. An un foreseeable event that could be affecting Emily now is moving to a new school after the new divorce of her parents, she is purpose the transition very difficult to grip with Physically she is conclusion it hard to adjust to the new surroundings of the school, since the mov e she has started suffering with panic attacks and eating less at meals times leaving her feeling weak and fagged and unable to function in simply tasks. Intellectually since she at sea quite a few weeks of knowledge she has fallen behind the rest of the tell apart adding to the stress. Her class work is starting to suffer in some areas and she is finding it hard to concentrate because of all of the upheaval and affliction leading to her working at a slower rate from the rest of the class.\r\nAlthough she has these issues she is pass time practicing on her sing and vie guitar by spending as much time as possible on her own. Emotionally Emily is becoming moody and raging very quickly with her mother as she blames her not having her father around anymore and she is becoming jealous of her twin brothers. As she believes that they are taking all the attention of her mother away from her. She feels that no one understands how she feels and this is affecting her confidence and fe els unlove. She unhappy about the current situation she finds herself in and as started to be disruptive at home. socially Emily is finding it difficult informing new friendships at school or honest her home, she is becoming very isolated from her family by spending time in her room. She is wants to be with the friends she had at her previous school and home, and finding it hard to stay in touch with them.\r\nAs a result of not forming new friendships easily it has knocked her confidence further and refusing to attend school or any other social situation. A predictable life event that could affect Emily in the future is leaving home, which could influence her development in adulthood. The physical development which will have a major impact on her as individual will be that she will have a change in her diet due to lack of attaining experience, learning to cook and have food that is high in nutrition will be positive experience and could influence her development in adulthood by tr ying other new experiences. Her intellectual development will be influenced through her having to take control of her own finances, paying all the bills and learning how to much her money till abutting pay day. Her emotional development could be influenced by her becoming more separate and feeling that she as achieved something in her life. The negative side to emotional development is that she will feel she has lost the backing of her family and become lonely.\r\nDeveloping new relationships will influences her social development as individual in society, and attending a community social group will boost her social contact and allow her to achieve her own independence as individual and have control over her environment. Another unpredictable life event could be the expiry of her grandmother that will affect her emotional wellbeing and social wellbeing. Emily will need to learn to cope with her loss of the person she thought the world off; she will have to come to terms that she will never see the person again and never be able to dress down to her again. Her physical development will be affected as she will not have the energy to get up and do any physical activity during her grief. She will feel angry and unable to eat so will have less energy to do daily tasks, she will be weak and exhausted due to the lack of sleep and finding it hard to cope because of the loss with her applicatory help with her living activities.\r\nHer emotional development will be affected because she as lost the person who provided her with the emotional support she needed and that she was emotionally attached to. She will be struggling to keep her emotions under control and will become angrier at grandmother for leaving to cope on her own. Her intellectual development will be affected because she will be too tired to attend work or if still studying to attend any of her lessons due to lack of concentration and confidence due to her grandmother no longer reassuring her that she can achieve anything that she tries. Emily’s social development will be affected because of the lack of support in leisure and social activities since her grandmother support her during these Emily would easily give them up and become isolated for the time been.\r\nAnother predictable life event that could affect Emily in the future is man and wife, she will need to learn how to look after someone else and cope with the loss of her dependence in society. Her physical development could be changed due to the demands on her life; she will need to learn to adjust her cooking ability, she might need to change her diet to more a nutrition and take apart in more physical exercise. Her intellectual development will change as she could lose control over her over her finances, she will need to learn how to share the bills and reckon for things that are needed in the future. Emily will need to learn to put money away for her retirement or for when they start a family.\r\nEmily’ s emotional needs will change as well she will need to safe(p) in making emotional attachments and to feel safe in experiencing any kind of matter for the first time, by not being embarrassed about her body or looks. She will need to confident and combine the person she has chosen to spend her life with. Emily social development will have changed now instead of doing things by herself she will have someone to share her personal experiences with. With having extended family her social life could be busy at times and more social connect will be demanded from them. the days that she felt isolated will no longer be pass but occasionally she might wish for them days again.\r\nNATURE/NURTURE\r\nThe nature verse upbringing debate argues that individuals in society are to be the way we are whilst others argue that it is about the way we are brought up and what influences us that makes the way we are. Nature is biological genetic influences nurture is social, economic and the environmen tal influences. Nature refers to the traits that individuals inherit or genetic, its well documented that most of the human aspects of development are impelled straightaway or indirectly by the persons genetic makeup. This is what determines eye, hair colour, skin part and some other characteristics that are derived directly from our genetic makeup. Heredity determines the physiological differences between females and males with many differences present at birth whilst over differences don’t present themselves till a child reaches puberty. It causes girls to reach puberty earlier than boys and causes boys to have more muscles and be taller than girls in general.\r\nHeredity accounts for all gender differences in boys and girls, boys are more likely to be physically combative a gene that is linked to them having increase levels of testosterone. Researchers have stated that hormones play a role in the differences in visual and verbal abilities among children. It states tha t boys are more likely to have higher visual abilities and girls will have higher verbal abilities. stir refers to all the environmental influences that occur after conception, meaning how individual is raised that drives their development. Including the level of attachment, their beliefs and values and how much attention is addicted to the environmental influences, i.e. some cultures practice and invoke gender unique(predicate) behaviour. The environment and specific cultures state that some behaviours are more appropriate for males whilst others are more appropriate for females. Environmental influences on gender differences involve parents treating their sons and little girls differently from each other, there are more likely to respond more daughters who have requested help whist their sons are encouraged to solve issues independently.\r\n roughly parents encourage gender behaviour by offering specific goldbricks such trucks and toy guns for boys, dolls and prams for girl s. Example: any musical endowment fund is affected by nature; all musical skills are normally in heredity from parents. So parents who have a musical talent have children who have a musical talent too and have the same characteristics. Elvis Presley was a very talented musician that render and compete the piano he was loved and respected by nearly everyone. He composed loads of songs that individuals still like to listen to today. He had a daughter named Lisa Marie who is famous in her own right, both had the same taste for music, but her father is more famous for his talent in rock and roll than she is.\r\nHer father might have influenced her a lot in this which involves nurture but the musical talent that she possesses comes from her father. Example: drug addiction. In the case of Lisa Marie Presley the environment had a massive influence on her life, as she was known to be the daughter of Elvis, due to the circumstances surrounding her upbringing and life style. The environmen t had an influence on her taking drugs due to her having a lack of privacy.\r\nALBERT AND ALAN\r\nThe strengths and weaknesses in the nature and nurture debate concerning Albert and Alan; The strengths of Albert and Alan are they both have the same colour eye and hair, and both are extremely tall. Both had a caring nature and were successfully in their chosen careers. Both were successfully at school and enjoyed playing physical sport. Albert achieved the grades that he was predicted in subjects where Alan achieved higher grades and stayed on to achieve more. Albert had many friends and associates had lived his life to the full extent where, and socialized more frequently compared to Alan who only had friends in the school environment didn’t socialize much outside the school environment.\r\nThey different upbringings influenced them both in different ways Alan loved to have dearly-won things where as Albert enjoyed the simple things in life. The weaknesses that the environme nt had on Albert and Alan are they both attend different types of schools, because of the environment influences Alan was able to attend university where as Albert had to leave school and work to help with supporting his family. The environment influenced them both to smoke during their life, but due to marriage Albert had given up and relatively hefty health until recently. Alan had continued to smoke all his life and his health suffered dramatically until his recent death. Both nature and nurture played a part in the influences of Albert and Alan life either in a good way or bad way.\r\n refinement\r\nWith all the different aspects that can affect growth and development of individuals’ society, individuals need to be aware of the dangers that could affect them to develop during their lifespan. tear down though nature and nurture play a vital role in the influences of individuals it is actually the individual who makes the choice of what course they take.\r\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\ r\nhttp://www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/about-cf/cystic-fibrosis-care/standards-of-care. http://www.nofas-uk.org/.\r\nwww.who.org.uk\r\nhttp://www.poverty.org.uk/02/index.shtml?2\r\nhttp://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Toxoplasmosis/\r\nhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/gender-differences-the-nature-versus-nurture-\r\nhttp://www.patient.co.uk/health/Cystic-Fibrosis\r\n'